Contemporary democracies have increasingly been described as exhibiting a tendency toward de-solidarity. At the same time, the idea of transnational solidarity is regaining prominence in academic discourse. Emerging as a distinct modern concept between the 18th and 19th centuries-especially within French intellectual traditions and working-class movements-solidarity is dialectically connected to concepts such as charity, altruism, fraternity, friendship, and care. Its development has been shaped by enduring tensions and is situated at the crossroads of diverse moral, social, political, and disciplinary traditions. Against this background, the seminar aims to critically explore the historical and contemporary significance of solidarity in the development and maintenance of democracy in Europe, focusing on its emancipatory potential, pedagogical functions, normative implications, and modes of institutional and social articulation.

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